Author Archive

Agricultural Biotech in 2010

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You know that you’re in an interesting business when the NY Times is covering the technology you use and Forbes names the leader in your target market as their company of the year. No, this isn’t Web 3.0 and Twitter, but genetic sequencing and marker assisted breeding and Monsanto; the world’s superpower in the seed industry. This is an interesting start to the decade.

In this well written and researched article, the other side of agricultural biotechnology gets some very good press. The technology described is marker assisted breeding – using genetic information to accelerate the tried and true process of crossing and selection to develop new varieties of plants. In an interesting twist of perspectives, Forbes announced that Monsanto is the 2009 company of the year. The title ‘The Planet Versus Monsanto’ is appropriate.

The ‘other side’ of ag-biotech is part of what Floragenex supports. Finding the specific segments of DNA (genetic markers) that can be linked to a specific trait, is now much quicker and easier than ever before. This technology is hitting its stride and heading up the adoption curve, as the cost of getting and applying that information keeps dropping. Projects that took years just a few years ago are being completed in months.

The scale of what Monsanto has and will accomplish in terms of the world’s food supply is astounding.  When you think about the facts of our situation; population going up, arable land holding constant or decreasing, and climate changing, it’s hard to bet against a company that sees those macro economic factors as an opportunity.

While there are many that vilify the corporate giant from St. Louis, I’d also ask those same people to think about what they ate today. Given that Monsanto’s vegetable group is one of the largest vegetable seed producers in the world, the chances are pretty good that something they purchased in the last month, whether it’s fresh broccoli or ethanol in their Prius, can be traced back to Monsanto.

The seed industry is an evolving business that deserves more attention in this country. It’s an important piece of the economy that will get more coverage as we pay more attention to where our food comes from and who profits from our choices as consumers.

Case Study – Genetic Map in Barley

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Dr. Patrick Hayes, Professor/Associate Head – Barley breeding and products at Oregon State University connected with Floragenex in late 2008 as an early access customer. After initial trials of RAD based sequencing in barley demonstrated the power of the technology, Dr. Hayes chose Floragenex as a research partner for improving the existing genetic map in the Oregon Wolfe Barleys (OWB), a well characterized research population with a robust genetic map.

Customer Goals

  • Expand the current genetic map for OWB.
  • Evaluate RAD based sequencing in comparison to other SNP development and genotyping systems.
  • Obtain sequence information that can be used as a reference for future genomic studies.

SNP Discovery

Floragenex sequenced two parental lines to identify polymorphisms in the bi-parental mapping population. These sequenced based markers would serve as potential markers on a genetic map.

SNP Genotyping

To evaluate the effectiveness of RAD based markers, 93 doubled haploid progeny of OWB were genotyped using RAD based sequencing. From that sequence information Floragenex assayed over 400 new SNP markers that were then placed on an existing genetic map. This information will be used in future studies focused on identifying important regions of the barley genome.


Case Study: Linkage Map

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  • Floragenex executed SNP discovery and  genotyping of a biparental mapping population.
  • Using a low density scan, Floragenex identified over 400 novel SNPs that were subsequently genotyped using RAD sequencing in a doubled haploid population.
  • The genotypes and resulting genetic map were completely concordant with an integrated linkage map generated from the same population using EST-Unigene SNPs, DArT and SSR markers.

SNP Discovery and Genotyping: Linkage Map (download PDF)

Flowering Brassica Napus. Image by John Crellin via UK Floral Images.